Python | Passing Filenames to Extension in C

Last Updated : 7 Jun, 2019
Filename has to be encoded according to the system’s expected filename encoding before passing filenames to C library functions. Code #1 : To write an extension function that receives a filename CPP 
static PyObject* py_get_filename(PyObject* self, PyObject* args)
{
    PyObject* bytes;
    char* filename;
    Py_ssize_t len;

    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O&", PyUnicode_FSConverter, &bytes)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(bytes, &filename, &len);
    /* Use filename */
    /* Cleanup and return */
    Py_DECREF(bytes)
        Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
If there is already a existing PyObject * that needs to be converted as a filename, then use the code given below : Code#2 : CPP 
/* Object with the filename */
PyObject* obj;
PyObject* bytes;

char* filename;
Py_ssize_t len;

bytes = PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault(obj);
PyBytes_AsStringAndSize(bytes, &filename, &len);

/* Use filename */
...
    /* Cleanup */
    Py_DECREF(bytes);
If a filename is to be returned back to Python, use the following code given below - Code #3 : CPP 
/* Turn a filename into a Python object */
char* filename;
int filename_len;
PyObject* obj = PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize(
    filename, filename_len);
Dealing with filenames in a portable way is a tricky problem that is best left to Python. Filenames will be handled in a manner that, if one uses the above in extension C code. Passing Open Files to C Extensions - Code #4 : To convert a file to an integer file descriptor, use PyFile_FromFd() CPP 
PyObject* fobj;
int fd = PyObject_AsFileDescriptor(fobj);
if (fd < 0) {
    return NULL;
}
The resulting file descriptor is obtained by calling the fileno() method on fobj. Thus, any object that exposes a descriptor in this manner should work (e.g., file, socket, etc.). A descriptor can be passed to various low-level C functions that expect to work with files. PyFile_FromFd() is used to convert an integer file descriptor back into a Python object. Code #5 : CPP 
/* Existing file descriptor (already open) */
int fd;

PyObject* fobj = PyFile_FromFd(fd, "filename",
                   "r", -1, NULL, NULL, NULL, 1);
The arguments to PyFile_FromFd() mirror those of the built-in open() function. NULL values simply indicate that the default settings for the encoding, errors, and newline arguments are being used.
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